{"id":162,"date":"2019-01-02T07:30:58","date_gmt":"2019-01-02T13:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/storyconsulting.info\/?p=107"},"modified":"2019-06-28T22:19:25","modified_gmt":"2019-06-29T03:19:25","slug":"microsoft-dhcp-server-lies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/2019\/01\/02\/microsoft-dhcp-server-lies\/","title":{"rendered":"When Microsoft DHCP Server Lies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Problem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently at work, we had an issue where one of our guest networks wasn&#8217;t allowing new hosts onto the network.&nbsp; After some investigation, it appeared that we had simply run out of available IP addresses in the DHCP pool.&nbsp; We added 100 addresses and thought we were done until we noticed that within seconds those 100 addresses had <g class=\"gr_ gr_11 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling multiReplace gr-progress\" id=\"11\" data-gr-id=\"11\">too<\/g> been used.&nbsp; Thankfully the IP address range for that subnet had plenty of headroom so we added another \/24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, within hours the new \/24 was also consumed.&nbsp; At this point we began to suspect a Denial of Service attack, but we were wrong.&nbsp; Looking at the DHCP server for patterns or possibly spoofed MAC addresses we discovered something we weren&#8217;t looking for.&nbsp; Having exported the current DHCP lease table to Excel, we noticed that there were only 900 or so records, but the DHCP server was reporting 2000+ used IP addresses.&nbsp; This got us to distrust the GUI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digging Further<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>After some quick Google-Fu we found some Powershell commands to examine the DHCP database.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nGet-DhcpServerv4Lease -scopeid 10.1.2.0 -AllLeases | Select-Object IPAddress,LeaseExpiryTime,AddressState\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>What we noticed when running the Powershell was that it showed all 2000+ addresses.&nbsp; The addresses that were missing from the GUI showed a state of Active, but their LeaseExpiryTime was old enough that the should have been in a state of Expired.&nbsp; In reading the documentation to figure this out, we learned a few things.&nbsp; First<g class=\"gr_ gr_14 gr-alert sel gr_gramm gr_replaced gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep\" id=\"14\" data-gr-id=\"14\">,<\/g> when an IP Address is not renewed, Microsoft DHCP normally marks it as Expired, but it leaves it as unavailable for a grace period of 4 hours.&nbsp; Within that time if the original host requests an IP it will be given back to it.&nbsp; After 4 hours a scavenger process that runs hourly will mark the IP as Available and it will be put back into the pool for all new requests.&nbsp; In our case though since they were marked as Active, the scavenger ignored the LeaseExpiryTime and never marked them as Available.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To fix this situation we first tried running a PowerShell script to export the current database to CSV.&nbsp; We used a text editor to remove all of the entries where the LeaseExpiryTime was less than the current lease time.&nbsp; We then ran another PowerShell script to import the edited CSV to remove the old address leases.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nGet-DhcpServerv4Lease -scopeid 10.1.2.0 -AllLeases | Select-Object IPAddress,LeaseExpiryTime,AddressState | Export-Csv -Encoding ascii -Path .\\leases.csv\n\nImport-Csv -Path .\\leases.csv | Remove-DhcpServerv4Lease\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Success!<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately this still did not mark the addresses as Expired or Available.&nbsp; Some more Google-Fu led us to some indications that this might be related to issues with DHCP failover between this server and the standby.&nbsp; We removed the failover relationship and tried the Remove-DhcpServerv4Lease command again. This time all of the addresses that were older than the LeaseExpiryTime were marked as Expired.&nbsp; Four hours later they were all removed from the database and our IP pool was back to normal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I would like to say that this all happened within an hour or so, but it was in actuality spread out over 48 hours with 5 engineers chasing our tails.&nbsp; Hopefully putting this out on the Internet will help someone else in the future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Problem Recently at work, we had an issue where one of our guest networks wasn&#8217;t allowing new hosts onto the network.&nbsp; After some investigation, it appeared that we had simply run out of available IP addresses in the DHCP pool.&nbsp; We added 100 addresses and thought we were done until we noticed that within [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":284,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[88,69,97,70],"tags":[92,93,94],"class_list":["post-162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-microsoft","category-war-stories","category-windows","tag-dhcp","tag-microsoft","tag-war-stories"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>When Microsoft DHCP Server Lies -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Microsoft DHCP is generally managed by the graphical interface on the server. 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This time we'll take a look at a few more cmdlets that can come in handy for network engineers. A Ping of a Different Color Ok so ping is not exactly revolutionary,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Tesla Coil","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/bright-circuit-coil-2635595.jpg?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/bright-circuit-coil-2635595.jpg?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/bright-circuit-coil-2635595.jpg?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":469,"url":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/28\/ccna-cyberops-secfnd-objectives-1-0-1-5\/","url_meta":{"origin":162,"position":1},"title":"CCNA CyberOps SECFND Objectives 1.0 &#8211; 1.5","author":"Ben Story","date":"February 28, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"1.1 Describe the function of the network layers as specified by the OSI and the TCP\/IP network models. OSI Model Application: HTTP, SSH, IMAPPresentation: EncodingSession: Sockets, WinsockTransport: UDP\/TCPNetwork: Packets, IP, Routers (Layer-3 Switches)Data-Link: Switches, MAC Address, FramesPhysical: Cabling, Media, Hubs Acrostic to remember in order, All People Seem To Need\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/play-stone-network-networked-interactive-163064.jpeg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/play-stone-network-networked-interactive-163064.jpeg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/play-stone-network-networked-interactive-163064.jpeg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":997,"url":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/27\/windows-blocking-a-ssid\/","url_meta":{"origin":162,"position":2},"title":"Packet Fragment: Windows Blocking an SSID","author":"Ben Story","date":"November 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Recently I got brought in on a ticket where the colleague couldn't connect to our wireless network. Even manually adding the SSID to the computer was met with an error of \"Your network administrator has blocked you from connecting to this network.\" But why would Windows block an SSID? As\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A car with the hood up.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/repairing-a-car-6078.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/repairing-a-car-6078.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/repairing-a-car-6078.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1314,"url":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/2021\/02\/22\/pcnsa-2-1\/","url_meta":{"origin":162,"position":3},"title":"PCNSA 2.1","author":"Ben Story","date":"February 22, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Identify and configure firewall management interfaces.Palo Alto PCNSA Study Guide v10 Management Access Web InterfaceCLIPanoramaXML API All Palo Alto firewalls have a dedicated MGT (management) port on the control plane. This separates the control plane and data plane to safeguard management and to enhance performance. Initial setup must be done\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pexels-photo-373543.jpeg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pexels-photo-373543.jpeg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pexels-photo-373543.jpeg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1332,"url":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/2021\/03\/26\/pcnsa-2-6\/","url_meta":{"origin":162,"position":4},"title":"PCNSA &#8211; 2.6","author":"Ben Story","date":"March 26, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Identify and configure firewall interfaces.Palo Alto Networks PCNSA Study Guide v10 Special Interfaces Decrypt Mirror: Allows traffic that has been decrypted to be sent to other tools for analysis. This is not available on VM-Series firewalls.Log card: On the PA-7000 series firewalls a log card data is used for forwarding\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"close up photo of gray metal pipes","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pexels-photo-1381938.jpeg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pexels-photo-1381938.jpeg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pexels-photo-1381938.jpeg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pexels-photo-1381938.jpeg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pexels-photo-1381938.jpeg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":573,"url":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/03\/librenms\/","url_meta":{"origin":162,"position":5},"title":"LibreNMS","author":"Ben Story","date":"May 3, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Although I don't currently run LibreNMS in my own network, it is one of those tools that I keep in my toolbox. LibreNMS is a fork of the Observium project. The tool is written in PHP and can be run on any Linux with either Apache or NGINX. Setup One\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LibreNMS-tool-02.png?fit=1200%2C603&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LibreNMS-tool-02.png?fit=1200%2C603&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LibreNMS-tool-02.png?fit=1200%2C603&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LibreNMS-tool-02.png?fit=1200%2C603&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/packitforwarding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LibreNMS-tool-02.png?fit=1200%2C603&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/packitforwarding.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}